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The glymphatic system, a recently discovered network of vessels in the brain, acts as a crucial waste-clearance pathway. This system is most active during sleep, when it efficiently flushes out metabolic byproducts and potentially neurotoxic waste proteins that accumulate during waking hours. One such protein is β-amyloid, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Studies using mice have shown that the glymphatic system’s function is suppressed by over 90% during wakefulness. This suggests that a primary purpose of sleep is to permit the brain to perform this essential 'housekeeping,' ensuring the removal of substances that could otherwise harm neural function over time.